Introduction to Polynomials

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Introduction to Polynomials

The Language of Algebra

Lesson Objective

To identify the parts of a polynomial, including terms, coefficients, and degree.

To classify polynomials by the number of terms.

Anatomy of a Polynomial

\( \underbrace{\textcolor{blue}{5}x^2}_{\text{Term}} + \underbrace{\textcolor{green}{3}x}_{\text{Term}} - \underbrace{\textcolor{red}{7}}_{\text{Term}} \)

Term: Each part of a polynomial separated by + or - signs. This example has 3 terms.

Coefficients and Constants

\( \textcolor{blue}{5}x^2 + \textcolor{green}{3}x - \textcolor{red}{7} \)

Coefficient: The number in front of a variable.

The coefficients in this example are 5 and 3.

Constant: A term without a variable (just a number).

The constant in this example is -7.

Naming Polynomials by Number of Terms

Monomial: A polynomial with one term. (e.g., \(7\) or \(6x^2\))

Binomial: A polynomial with two terms. (e.g., \(3t-1\))

Trinomial: A polynomial with three terms. (e.g., \(2x^2+3x-7\))

Polynomial: Any expression with 4 or more terms.

What is the "Degree"? (Part 1)

Degree of a Term: The exponent on the variable in that term.

The term \(8x^\textcolor{red}{3}\) has a degree of 3.

The term \(5x\) (which is \(5x^\textcolor{red}{1}\)) has a degree of 1.

What is the "Degree"? (Part 2)

Degree of a Polynomial: The largest degree of any of its terms.

The polynomial \(2x^\textcolor{red}{5} + 9x^2 - 1\) has a degree of 5.

The polynomial \(3x - 4x^\textcolor{red}{2}\) has a degree of 2.

Standard Form

Standard Form: Writing the terms in order from highest to lowest degree (exponent).

Not Standard: \(-4 + 3x + 9x^2\)
Standard Form: \(9x^2 + 3x - 4\)

Leading Coefficient: Once in standard form, it's the coefficient of the first term.

For \(\textcolor{red}{9}x^2 + 3x - 4\), the leading coefficient is 9.

Let's Practice Together

Let's identify all the parts of this polynomial: \(4x - 2x^3 + 8\)

Standard Form: \(-2x^3 + 4x + 8\)

Degree: 3 (from the \(x^3\) term)

Leading Coefficient: -2

Number of Terms: 3

Name by Terms: Trinomial

Coefficients: -2, 4

Constant: 8

You Do: On Your Own

Identify all the parts of this polynomial:

\(7 + 5x^2 - 9x\)

Standard Form: \(5x^2 - 9x + 7\)

Degree: 2

Leading Coefficient: 5

Name by Terms: Trinomial

Independent Practice

Try these problems on your handout.

Green Level

For \(2x - 5\), name the coefficients and the constant.

Yellow Level

For \(4x^2 - x + 9\), find the degree, leading coefficient, and name by terms.

Red Level

Write \(8 - x^3 + 2x\) in standard form and find the leading coefficient.

Exit Ticket

On your handout or a piece of paper, identify the following for the polynomial below:

\(6x - 1 + 3x^4\)

a) Standard Form
b) Degree
c) Leading Coefficient
d) Name by Terms